2008-11-13

the United States and Japan total three physics scientists as a result of sub-atomic physics scientists spontaneous symmetry breaking mechanism for the origin of symmetry breaking and award-winning

Yoichiro Nambu

Makoto Kobayashi

Toshihide Maskawa

A Beijing at 5:45 p.m. on October 7, 2008 Nobel Prize in Physics announced that three scientists the United States and Japan share the prize. University of Chicago   Enrico Fermi Institute Yoichiro Nambu found as a result of sub-atomic physics in spontaneous symmetry breaking mechanism winners; two Japanese scientists, Japan High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) and Japan's Makoto Kobayashi, Kyoto University Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics (YITP)'s Toshihide Maskawa, found that as a result of symmetry breaking the origin of the natural world and therefore predict that at least three types of quark and the existence of the award-winning family.

Our world is not perfect in a symmetrical manner of operation, which attributed to the micro-level of symmetry "deviate."

As early as 1960, Yoichiro Nambu on the formula used for elementary particle physics of spontaneous symmetry breaking for a clear mathematical description. Spontaneous symmetry breaking will be the order of nature, hidden in seemingly mixed under the surface. Scientists have confirmed that the spontaneous symmetry breaking is extremely useful, Nambu theory of elementary particle physics has penetrated into the "standard model". "Standard Model" of all the material to build the smallest unit of the four forces of nature and of the three, united under a single theory.

Nambu study by the spontaneous symmetry breaking and two Japanese scientists, Makoto Kobayashi and Toshihide Maskawa description of symmetry breaking are not the same. These spontaneous events from the universe appears to be the most original was already present in the natural way. In 1964, when they particles for the first time revealed clues in the experiment, the physics community completely shocked. And until recent years, scientists have only fully confirmed Kobayashi and Maskawa in 1972 put forward to explain. They are also the reasons for the award-winning here. In the framework of the standard model explains the symmetry breaking, but the model was extended to the family of three quarks. Of the new scenario has emerged in recent quark physics experiments. Until 2001, the United States Stanford's BaBar particle detector and Tsukuba, Japan, are independent of the Belle detector to detect symmetry breaking. The results, as Kobayashi and Maskawa 30 years ago is expected.

However, so far can not explain a similar symmetry breaking are still deep in the first origin of the universe - about 140 million years ago in the Big Bang. If at that time to create the material and is equal to the total amount of antimatter, then they should have a mutual annihilation. However, this did not occur on every 10,000,000,000 antimatter particles, there will be an additional material deviation from tiny particles. It is appears to be breaking the symmetry of the universe that we survived. All this took place while the exact mechanism remains a mystery. Perhaps the new particle accelerator - Large Hadron Collider (LHC) to open some of these mysteries.

Yoichiro Nambu, an American citizen, was born in 1921 in Tokyo, Japan, and in 1952 received a doctorate from Tokyo University of Science, University of Chicago ? Enrico Fermi Institute of honorary professor. Makoto Kobayashi, the Japanese citizen, was born in 1944 in Nagoya, Japan, Nagoya University in 1972 to obtain a doctorate, Japan High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), honorary professor of retirement. Toshihide Maskawa, Japanese citizen, was born in 1940 and 1967 to obtain a doctorate Nagoya University, the University of Kyoto, Japan, Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics (YITP) Honorary Professor

It is reported that, Yoichiro Nambu half of the prize money will be exclusive, the other two share a quarter of all Japanese scientists. The total prize money for SWEDEN KeLang 10,000,000.

Author: RenXiaopeng Mei Jin

Source: Science Times 06th/October/2008