2008-11-13

Computer came in 1946, it was said to be due to the needs of the war and we have a computer that is the fundamental driving force for people to create more material wealth to the people of the extension of the brain, so that the potential for greater developement. As is the invention of the automobile is an extension of the legs, like the invention of the computer is in fact the human brain and the extension of the inheritance of intelligence. Over the past 10 years, the increasing application of computers into society in various fields such as management, office automation, and so on. As the computer increasingly to the development of intelligent, so people just take micro-computer called the "computer".

Computer generated power is an invention like to be able to carry out scientific computing machine, so call it a computer. I was born it immediately became the representative of the advanced productive forces, since the industrial revolution opened after a new scientific and technological revolution

Retroactive to the invention of the computer, you can start from ancient China, ancient inventions of human thinking to tackle some of the data, move to and fro use of the method of counting the beads, without the need for mental arithmetic, through a fixed formula can be calculated from the answers. This is called "calculation and logic operations," the concept of the operation into the West after the Americans were to be carried forward. Until the sixteenth century, the invention of a multiplier to help deal with more complicated mathematical formula, such as the machinery, known as the "chessboard calculator", but this time only pure calculation of the stage, it is necessary to be rapid in the nineteenth century develop.

The first generation of vacuum tube computer (1945-1956)

During World War II, the U.S. government to seek to develop computer potential strategic value. This computer has promoted the research and development. Howard in 1944. Aiken (1900-1973) developed a fully electronic calculator, in order to draw the U.S. Navy ballistic map. This referred to as the Mark I machine half a football field, contains 500 miles of wire, the use of electromagnetic signals to mobile components of mechanical, slow (3-5 seconds, a calculation) and poor adaptability only specialized in the field However, it can perform basic arithmetic operations can be complex computing equation.

February 14, 1946, marks the birth of the modern computer ENIAC (The Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer) in Philadelphia made public. ENIAC computer represents a milestone in the history of the development through different parts of the connection between the re-programming, also has a parallel computing power. ENIAC by the U.S. government at the University of Pennsylvania and co-development, the use of the 18,000 tubes, 70,000 resistors, there are 5 million welding points, 160 kilowatt power, the Mark I faster than 1000 times faster, ENIAC was the first A general-purpose computer.

In the mid-40, Frederick. Neumann (1903-1957) attended the University of Pennsylvania team, in 1945 the design of electronic discrete variable automatic computer EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer), will be the same programs and data stored in the format together Memory. This computer can be suspended at any point, or continue to work, the machine¡¯s structure is a key part of the central processing unit, it makes all the computer functions through a single unified resource.

In 1946, the United States physicist Moqi Li Ren chief architect of the successful development of a The world¡¯s first computer tube ENIAC (Mo Qili plans for the center-left)

The first generation of computer operation is characterized by specific instructions for the preparation of the mission, each machine has its own machine language, limited functionality, slow speed. Another characteristic is the use of vacuum tubes and data storage drum.

The first tube computer (ENIAC) covers an area of 170 square meters and weighing 30 tons, There are 18,000 tube, calculated using the metric system, 5,000 times per second operation

Second-generation computer transistors (1956-1963)

In 1948, invented the transistor greatly to the development of computers, transistors instead of bulky tubes, electronic devices continue to reduce the size. In 1956, the use of transistors in computers, transistors and magnetic core memory led to the second generation of computer generated. Second-generation computers are small, fast, low power consumption, more stable performance. First of all, the use of transistor technology is an early supercomputer, for a large number of atomic science and data processing, these machines are expensive, production, there are very few.

In 1960, there have been successfully used in the field of business, universities and government departments, the second generation of computers. Second-generation computer transistors used in place of electron tubes, there are a number of modern computer components: printers, tape, disk, memory, operating system and so on. The computer stored in a computer program makes a good adaptation can be more effectively used for commercial purposes. During this period, there have been more advanced COBOL (Common Business-Oriented Language) and FORTRAN (Formula Translator), and other languages in order to word, sentence and a mathematical formula instead of the binary machine code, so that the computer programming easier. The new jobs, such as programmers, system analysts and computer experts, and the entire software industry was born.

The third generation of computer integrated circuits (1964-1971)

Although the transistors than the tube is a clear improvement, but still have a large number of transistors heat, which would damage the sensitive part of the internal computer. In 1958 invented the integrated circuit (IC), the three electronic components into a tiny silicon. Scientists so that more components into a single semiconductor chip. As a result, the computer has become smaller, lower power consumption, faster. This period also includes the development of the use of the operating system, making the computer in the center of the control program can be run under the coordination of many different procedures.

In 1964, the United States IBM developed the first successful use of IC General IBM360 series of computer system

The fourth generation of large scale integrated circuit computer (1971 - present)

After the emergence of integrated circuits, the only direction is to expand the scale. Large-scale integrated circuits (LSI) chip can accommodate a few hundred components. In the 1980s ultra-large-scale integrated circuits (VLSI) chip in to accommodate the hundreds of thousands of components, then the number of ULSI will be expanded to 1,000,000. Coins in the size of the chip to accommodate the number of components that make the computer the size and price decline, and constantly enhance the reliability and functionality. Based on "semiconductor" in the development, by 1972, the first true personal computer was born. Used by the microprocessor in 2300 contained a "transistor" and can be implemented within one second 60,000 directive also reduce a lot of volume. But also all countries in the world as the "semiconductor" and "transistor" to explore the development of a new chapter in the history of the computer.

In the mid-70, a computer manufacturer to start the computer to ordinary consumers, this time with the minicomputer software package for non-professional procedures and the use of the most popular word processing and spreadsheet program. A pioneer in this field Commodore, Radio Shack and Apple Computers, and so on.

In 1981, IBM introduced the personal computer (PC) for home, office and school. 80 personal computers makes the competitive prices, the owner of Computer increasing computer to continue to reduce the size of the table from the laptop to the handheld. IBM PC and Apple Macintosh competition series in 1984 launched, Macintosh provides a friendly graphical interface, users can easily use the mouse to operate.

FACOMM-382 computer

The computer was invented in the 1940s of the twentieth century thing, after decades of development, it has become a complex engineering disciplines, from the application of its national defense, scientific computing, home office, education, entertainment, everywhere. Its classification from supercomputers, mainframes, minicomputers, workstations, personal computers, variety. However, no matter how sophisticated, how high-tech, from its birth date, in the eyes of many people it is a machine, a cold high-speed computing machines.

ENIAC from the kick off of the computer age, to usher in a UNIVAC to become the darling of the computer age, is not hard to see where there have been two fundamental changes: The first big step toward the computer lab from the community, the official delivery of goods into customers ; Second, the computer has changed from mere military applications to enter the public in the field of data processing, real aroused strong reaction.