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  A Glance Over the Past 100 Years  
Nobel Prize Winners' List 1980¡«1989

2007-9-25

The 80th Nobel Laureates on December 10, 1980 
American scientists James Watson Cronin and Val Logsdon Fitch won the Nobel Prize in Physics for the discovery of violations of fundamental symmetry principles in the decay of neutral K-mesons.
American scientist Paul Berg for for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids, with particular regard to recombinant-DNA, and American scientist Walter Gilbert and British scientist Frederick Sanger for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
American scientists Baruj Benacerraf and George D.Snell and French scientist Jean Dausset shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions.
American writer Czeslaw Milosz won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his novel "The Usurpe".
Argentina Adolfo P¨¦rez Esquivel won the Nobel Peace Prize for his contributions to the promotion of human rights.
American economist Lawrence R. Klein won the Nobel Prize in Economics for the creation of econometric models and the application to the analysis of economic fluctuations and economic policies.
The 81st Nobel Laureates on December 10, 1981
Swedish scientist Kai M. Siegbahn for his contribution to the development of high-resolution electron spectroscopy, and American scientists Nicolaas Bloembergen and Arthur Leonard Schawlow for their contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy shared the Nobel Prize in Physics.
Japanese scientist Kenichi Fukui and American scientist Roald Hoffmann shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their theories, developed independently, concerning the course of chemical reactions.
American scientist Roger W. Sperry for his discoveries concerning the functional specialization of the cerebral hemispheres, and Swedish scientist Torsten N. Wiesel and American scientist David H. Hubel for their discoveries concerning information processing in the visual system shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. 
British writer Elias Canetti won the Nobel Prize in Literature "for writings marked by a broad outlook, a wealth of ideas and artistic power".
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) founded in 1951 won the Nobel Peace Prize for its outstanding work on large-scale aids to refugees.
American economist James Tobin won the Nobel Prize in Economics for his analysis of financial markets and their relations to expenditure decisions, employment, production and prices.
The 82nd Nobel Laureates on December 10, 1982
American scientist Kenneth G. Wilson won the Nobel Prize in Physics for his theory for critical phenomena in connection with phase transitions. 
British scientist Aaron Klug won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of biologically important nucleic acid-protein complexes.
Swedish scientists Sune K. Bergstr?m, Bengt I. Samuelsson and British scientist John R. Vane shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances. 
Colombian writer Gabriel Garc¨ªa M¨¢rquez won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his novel "One Hundred Years of Solitude".
Swedish Alva Myrdal won the Nobel Peace Prize for her contributions to the establishment of non-nuclear area in Northern Europe. 
American economist George J. Stigler won the Noble Prize in Economics for his seminal studies of industrial structures, functioning of markets and causes and effects of public regulation.
The 83th Nobel Laureates on December 10, 1983
American scientist Subramanyan Chandrasekhar for his theoretical studies of the physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of the stars and American scientist William Alfred Fowler for his theoretical and experimental studies of the nuclear reactions of importance in the formation of the chemical elements in the universe shared the Nobel Prize in Physics.
American scientist Henry Taube won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on the mechanisms of electron transfer reactions, especially in metal complexes.
American scientist Barbara McClintock won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her discovery of mobile genetic elements.
British writer William Golding won the Nobel Prize in Literature "for his novels which, with the perspicuity of realistic narrative art and the diversity and universality of myth, illuminate the human condition in the world of today". 
The President of Poland Lech Walesa won the Nobel Peace Prize for great role played in world disarmament campaign.
American economist Gerard Debreu won the Nobel Prize in Economics for having incorporated new analytical methods into economic theory and for his rigorous reformulation of the theory of general equilibrium.
The 84th Nobel Laureates on December 10, 1984
Italian scientist Carlo Rubbia and the Netherlands scientist Simon van der Meer won the Nobel Prize in Physics for their decisive contributions to the large project, which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z, communicators of weak interaction.
American scientist Robert Bruce Merrifield won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his development of methodology for chemical synthesis on a solid matrix.
Denmark scientist Niels K. Jerne, Germany scientist Georges J.F. K?hler and Argentina scientist C¨¦sar Milstein won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies.
Czechoslovakia writer Jaroslav Seifert won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his novels"The Plague Column" and "Mozart in Prague", etc.
South Africa Bishop Desmond Mpilo Tutu won the Nobel Prize in Peace for his great contribution in the liberation of South Africa through peaceful way.
British economist Richard Stone won the Noble Prize in Economics for having made fundamental contributions to the development of systems of national accounts and hence greatly improved the basis for empirical economic analysis.
The 85th Nobel Laureates on December 10, 1985
Germany scientist Klaus von Klitzing won the Nobel Prize in for the discovery of the quantized Hall effect.
American scientists Herbert A. Hauptman and Jerome Karle shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their outstanding achievements in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures. 
American scientists Michael S. Brown and Joseph L. Goldstein won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism.
French writer Claude Simon won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his novel "The Flanders Road".
International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War won the Nobel Peace Prize.
American economist Franco Modigliani won the Nobel Prize in Economics for his pioneering analyses of saving and of financial markets.
The 86th Nobel Laureates on December 10, 1986
Germany scientists Ernst Ruska, Gerd Binnig and Switzerland Heinrich Rohrer shared the Nobel Prize in Physics for their design of the scanning tunneling microscope.
American scientist Dudley R. Herschbach, American Chinese scientist Yuan T. Lee and Canadian scientist John C. Polanyi shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes.
American scientist Stanley Cohen and Italian scientist Rita Levi-Montalcini shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discoveries of growth factors.
Nigerian writer Wole Soyinka won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his screenplay "A Dance of the Forests". 
American Elie Wiesel won the Nobel Peace Prize for telling his story of what he had experienced in Hitler's concentration camp in his novel "The Nights".
American economist James M. Buchanan won the Nobel Prize in Economics for his development of the contractual and constitutional bases for the theory of economic and political decision-making.
The 87th Nobel Laureates on December 10, 1987
Switzerland scientist K. Alexander M¨¹ller and Germany scientist J. Georg Bednorz shared the Nobel Prize in Physics for their important break-through in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials. 
American scientist Donald J. Cram, French scientist Jean-Marie Lehn and American scientist Charles J. Pedersen shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity.
Japanese scientist Susumu Tonegawa won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of the genetic principle for generation of antibody diversity. 
American writer Joseph Brodsky won the Nobel Prize in Literature for an all-embracing authorship, imbued with clarity of thought and poetic intensity. 
The President of Costa Rica Oscar Arias S¨¢nchez won the Nobel Peace Prize for his dedicated work on the establishment of the Middle America Peace Treaty. 
American economist Robert M. Solow won the Nobel Prize in Economics for his contributions to the theory of economic growth.
The 88th Nobel Laureates on December 10, 1988 
American scientists Melvin Schwartz, Leon M. Lederman and Jack Steinberger shared the Nobel Prize in Physics for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino.
Germany scientists Johann Deisenhofer, Robert Huber and Hartmut Michel shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre.
British scientist James W. Black, American scientists Gertrude B. Elion and George H. Hitchings shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment. 
Egyptian writer Naguib Mahfouz won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his contribution to the development of Egyptian literature.
United Nations Peacekeeping Forces won the Nobel Peace Prize for its work on 14 peacekeeping missions in international conflicts. 
French economist Maurice Allais won the Nobel Prize in Economics for his pioneering contributions to the theory of markets and efficient utilization of resources.
The 89th Nobel Laureates on December 10, 1989
American scientist Norman F. Ramsey for the invention of the separated oscillatory fields method and its use in the hydrogen maser and other atomic clocks, and American scientist Hans G. Dehmelt and Germany scientist Wolfgang Paul for the development of the ion trap technique shared the Nobel Prize in Physics.
American scientist Thomas R. Cech and Canadian scientist Sidney Altman shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA.
American scientists J. Michael Bishop and Harold E. Varmus shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes.
Spanish writer Camilo Jos¨¦ Cela won the Nobel Prize in Literature for a rich and intensive prose, which with restrained compassion forms a challenging vision of man¡¯s vulnerability.
The 14th Dalai Lama (Tenzin Gyatso) won the Nobel Peace Prize. 
Norwegian economist Trygve Haavelmo won the Nobel Prize in Economics for his clarification of the probability theory foundations of econometrics and his analyses of simultaneous economic structures.
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