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  A Glance Over the Past 100 Years  
Nobel Prize Winners¡¯ List 1960---1969

2007-9-25

The 60th Nobel Laureates on December 10, 1960
American scientist Donald Arthur Glaser won the Nobel Prize in Physics for the invention of the bubble chamber.
American scientist Willard Frank Libby won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his method to use carbon-14 for age determination.
Australian scientist Frank Macfarlane Burnet and British scientist Peter Brian Medawar won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovery of acquired immunological tolerance.
French scientist Saint-John Perse won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his poem "The Forms of Illusion" in which a visionary fashion of the conditions of our time was fully reflected.
South Africa Albert John Lutuli won the Nobel Peace Prize for his long-time anti-racialism struggle.
The 61st Nobel Laureates on December 10, 1961
American scientist Robert Hofstadter for his determination the form and size of atomic nuclei, and Germany scientist Rudolf Ludwig M?ssbauer for his discovery of the effect named after him shared the Nobel Prize in Physics.
American scientist Melvin Calvin won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his research on the carbon dioxide assimilation in plants.
American scientist Georg von B¨¦k¨¦sy won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discoveries of the physical mechanism of stimulation within the cochlea.
Yugoslavian writer Ivo Andric won the Nobel Prize for his historical story "The Bridge on the Drina".
Swedish Carl Hammarskj?ld won the Nobel Peace Prize for his dedicated work on the settlement of international conflicts and the promotion of world peace.
The 62nd Nobel Laureates on December 10, 1962
USSR scientist Lev Davidovich Landau won the Nobel Prize in Physics for his pioneering theories for condensed matter, especially liquid helium.
British scientists Max Ferdinand Perutz and John Cowdery Kendrew won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their studies of the structures of globular proteins.
British scientists Francis Harry Compton Crick and Maurice Hugh Frederick Wilkins and American scientist James Dewey Watson won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material.
American writer John Steinbeck won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his novel "The Grapes of Wrath".
American Linus Carl Pauling won the Nobel Peace Prize for his contributions to cease nuclear weapon experiments.
The 63rd Nobel Laureates on December 10, 1963
Germany scientist J. Hans D. Jensen and American scientists Maria Goeppert-Mayer for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure, and American scientist Eugene Paul Wigner for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles, particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry principles shared the Nobel Prize in Physics.
Italian scientist Giulio Natta and Germany scientist Karl Ziegler won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers.
Australian scientist John Carew Eccles, British scientist Alan Lloyd Hodgkin and Andrew Fielding Huxley won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane.
Greek writer Giorgos Seferis won the Nobel Prize for his poem collection "The Voyage Log".
International Committee of the Red Cross won the Nobel Peace Prize for its dedicated work to ease international crisis.
The 64th Nobel Laureates on December 10, 1964
American scientist Charles Hard Townes, and USSR scientists Gennadiyevich Basov and Mikhailovich Prokhorov won the Nobel Prize in Physics for their construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle.
British scientist Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of important biochemical substances.
American scientist Konrad Bloch and Germany scientist Feodor Lynen won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of the cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism.
French writer Jean-Paul Sartre won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his work which, rich in ideas and filled with the spirit of freedom and the quest for truth, has exerted a far-reaching influence on our age. He rejected this prize.
American Martin Luther King won the Nobel Peace Prize for his contribution on the struggle for the rights of the black people.
The 65th Nobel Laureates on December 10, 1965
American scientist Julian Schwinger and Richard P. Feynman, and Japanese scientist Sin-Itiro Tomonaga shared the Nobel Prize in Physics for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics.
American scientist Robert Burns Woodward won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his outstanding achievements in the art of organic synthesis.
French scientist Fran?ois Jacob, Andr¨¦ Lwoff and Jacques Monod won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis.
USSR writer Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his novel "Tales from the Don".
United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) founded in 1940 won the Nobel Peace Price.
The 66th Nobel Laureates on December 10, 1966
French scientist won the Nobel Prize in Physics for the discovery and development of optical methods for studying Hertzian resonances in atoms.
American scientist Robert S. Mulliken won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his fundamental work concerning chemical bonds and electronic structure of molecules.
American scientist Charles Brenton Huggins and Peyton Rous won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine respectively for the discovery of tumour-inducing viruses and the discoveries concerning hormonal treatment of prostatic cancer.
Israeli writer Shmuel Yosef Agnon "for his profoundly characteristic narrative art with motifs from the life of the Jewish people" and Swedish writer Nelly Sachs "for her outstanding lyrical and dramatic writing, which interprets Israel¡¯s destiny with touching strength" shared the Nobel Prize in Literature.
The 67th Nobel Laureates on December 10, 1967
American scientist Hans Albrecht Bethe won the Nobel Prize in Physics his discoveries concerning the energy production in stars.
Germany scientist Manfred Eigen and British scientist George Porter shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their studies of extremely fast chemical reaction.
American scientist Haldan Keffer Hartline and George Wald and Swedish scientist Ragnar Granit shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye.
Guatemala writer Miguel Angel Asturias won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his novel "The President" and "The Corn Man".
The 68th Nobel Laureates on December 10, 1968
American scientist Luis Walter Alvarez won the Nobel Prize in Physics for his decisive contributions to elementary particle physics, in particular the discovery of a large number of resonance states, made possible through his development of the technique of using hydrogen bubble chamber and data analysis.
American scientist Lars Onsager won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the discovery of the reciprocal relations bearing his name, which are fundamental for the thermodynamics of irreversible processes.
American scientists Robert W. Holley, Har Gobind Khorana and Marshall W. Nirenberg won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis.
Japanese writer Yasunari Kawabata won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his novels "Snow Country" and "The Old Capital".
French Ren¨¦ Cassin won the Nobel Peace Prize for his struggle against fascism and maintenance of world peace.
The 69th Nobel Laureates on December 10, 1969
American writer Murray Gell-Mann won the Nobel Prize in Physics for his contributions and discoveries concerning the classification of elementary particles and their interactions.
British scientist Derek H. R. Barton and Norwegian scientist Odd Hassel shared the Nobel Prize for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry.
American scientists Max Delbr¨¹ck, Alfred D. Hershey and Salvador E. Luria shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses.
French writer Samuel Beckett won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his contribution to the development of absurd theatre; he rejected this prize.
International Labour Organization (I.L.O.) founded in 1911 won the Nobel Peace Prize for its contributions to anti-unemployment and poverty for the past half century.
Norwegian economist Ragnar Frisch and the Netherlands economist Jan Tinbergen won the Nobel Prize in Economics for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes
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